Heterologous adenovirus-vector/messenger RNA regimen is associated with improved severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 humoral response in liver transplant recipients.

Knowledge of the immunogenicity of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in liver transplant recipients (LTRs) is mainly limited to messenger RNA (mRNA)-based types. We aimed to evaluate the humoral response in LTRs and to address the use of different doses of mycophenolate (MMF) on the probability of developing anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG). In this prospective cohort study, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAs), and nucleocapsid protein (N) were evaluated in LTRs and healthy volunteers 21-90 days after receiving the second vaccine dose of either ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca), rAd26-rAd5 (Sputnik V), inactivated BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), or the heterologous combination rAd26/mRNA-1273 (Sputnik V/Moderna). We collected information regarding clinical data and vaccine side effects. After excluding three LTRs due to a positive N test, 120 LTRs and 27 controls were analyzed. No significant differences were found among groups. Overall, 24 (89%) controls and 74 (62%) LTRs were positive for anti-spike IgG (p = 0.007). Among LTRs, those immunized with rAd26/mRNA-1273 presented significantly higher positive serology and NAs when compared with the homologous regimens (91% vs. 55%, p = 0.001; and 1182 IU/ml vs. 446 IU/ml, p = 0.002; respectively). In the multivariate analysis, humoral response was significantly reduced in LTRs who received higher doses of MMF (odds ratio [OR], 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.3; p < 0.001) and with increased BMI (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.7; p = 0.005); and it was significantly higher in those immunized with rAd26/mRNA-1273 (OR, 13.1; 95% CI, 2.3-72.9; p = 0.003). In LTRs anti-spike IgG concentrations showed a very good correlation with NA titers (R2 = 0.949; 95% CI, 0.919-0.967; p < 0.001). No serious adverse events were reported in either group. Conclusion: In LTRs, rAd26/mRNA-1273 was independently associated with higher antibody response. Future studies are necessary to evaluate whether combining different vaccine platforms and MMF reduction may lead to a better booster response.

Dietary habits and COVID. Descriptive analysis during social isolation in Argentina

Introduction: The disease caused by SARS-Cov-2 has caused an unprecedented pandemic in public health. A number of measures have been taken to control its spread, including self-isolation and social estrangement, a measure that impacts on food access and use. Long-term confinement of people could lead to irregular feeding patterns and increased sedentary lifestyle, associated with increased caloric intake and risk of malnutrition. Objective: To describe the frequency of consumption and food practices of the inhabitants of the province of Buenos Aires and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) Argentina, during social isolation, preventive and mandatory. Methods: Descriptive, cross-cutting study. Data collection was carried out in June 2020, through a self-administered survey. The sample consisted of 788 people. Food practices were described according to the frequency of weekly consumption of the main food groups. Results: Of the total respondents, 73.9% were women and 26.0% were men, with an average BMI of 23.0 x 3.97 and 26.4 x 3.94 respectively;72.2% of respondents achieved complete or incomplete levels of university studies. The low frequency of daily consumption of: milk 44.5% was highlighted;11.5%, fruits 44.5% and vegetables 50.5%. Conclusion: It is necessary to design and implement effective interventions that actively promote the consumption of milk and derivatives, meats, vegetables and fruits, even for populations with high levels of schooling. Given the negative impact of the pandemic on the economy and employment, socio-economic vulnerable people would be going through a much more unfavourable scenario for accessing food, so it is of paramount importance to consider upcoming studies.